小儿癫痫的症状有哪些?家长必看

文章来源:癫痫医院 发布时间:2023-10-18

癫痫的发病不局限于成人,小朋友同样具有患病风险,小儿癫痫是在幼儿时期常见的一种病因复杂的反复发作的神经系统综合征。因小儿神经系统发育不健全,大脑皮层受到刺激产生过度异常放电所致。小儿癫痫具有很大的危险性,容易导致智力出现问题,而且在抽搐发作过程中也会发生自我伤害的危险情况。作为家长,当孩子发生以下一定症状时,应及时控制送去就医,保障孩子的健康与安全。小儿癫痫的这几个症状你知道吗?

1. 睡眠多汗、摇头

出汗本是正常的生理反应,有助于调节体内温度,大脑异常放电产生紊乱,使细胞新陈代谢、电生理功能等发生异常,头部出汗,由于汗液刺激,患儿喜欢摇头,烦躁不安,睡眠时易惊醒。

2. 短阵性抽搐数分钟

表现为病灶对侧口角、眼睑、手指、足趾或一侧面部及肢体末端短阵性抽搐或麻木刺痛。抽搐有时可由手指至上肢扩展到对侧,症状持续数分钟以上,发作时意识不丧失。

3. 肌阵挛发作

患儿表现为某一块肌肉或肌肉群突然、有力的、快速抽动,有的呈局部,有的可引起一侧或双侧肢体抽动,抽动时手中拿的东西掉出或甩出。躯干肌肉受累时表现突然频繁用力点头、弯腰或后仰,站立时突然摔倒失神。

4. 全身强直阵挛发作

全身强直阵挛发作,突然神志丧失,呼吸暂停,口吐白沫,四肢抽动,可能伴有舌咬伤和尿失禁。持续1~5分钟,抽动停止后入睡。醒后头痛、无力,对发作无记忆。抽搐发生时,应尽量让孩子平躺在地上,一定要注意避免摔伤,让孩子头部偏向一边,及时清理口腔内的分泌物或异物,以免误吸。可用压舌板或筷子将小孩的牙齿撬开,以免咬伤舌头,用手指按压合谷穴或人中穴,可减轻小孩抽搐的症状。

5. 高热惊厥

多发于6个月至3岁的婴幼儿,这些患儿在出现热惊厥前没神经系统症状,各方面情况良好。由于某些诱因发热时,体温达38.5~40℃或更高时,患儿出现全身性惊厥。四周抽动、两眼球上翻、口周发绀、神志不清,有时大小便失禁。

癫痫患病率为3‰~6‰。据了解,在所有癫痫病人中,儿童约占2/3左右。作为脑部神经疾病,在现代医学的发展进步下,脑肠轴的发现为一系列神经系统疾病的治疗提供了新方向。现代医学认识到脑肠轴是肠和脑之间的信息交流系统,由免疫、迷走神经和神经内分泌途径构成。因此改善肠道微生态,能对中枢神经系统的发育起到促进作用,如想了解更多,可以私信咨询。


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